| Public | Behavior change,citizen engagement,carbon footprints | The study conducts 2 workshop and follow up with a 2-week household experiments in 4 cities in Japan, with 84 participants. The study recorded the implementation of 1.5-degree lifestyles in each participant based on the experimental feedback, and provide an analysis on the challenges and opportunities for implementing 1.5-degree lifestyles household practices. | Urban, age, gender, ICT | Liu & Yamabe-Ledoux | 2023 | [12] |
| Systemic changes,citizen engagement, carbon footprints | The study presents and accesses 3 approaches of using carbon footprints with different purposes, time frame, and design of participants’ discussion to promote citizen engagement with the 1.5-degree lifestyles. The study identifies the benefits and limitations of the 3 strategies, and explores the component of citizens engagement of certain ideas and the behavior changes, also explores the possibility of policy making (strategy design) to determine actions. | Urban, ICT | Watabe & Yamabe-Ledoux | 2023 | [13] |
| Urban lifestyle change, carbon footprints,household consumption | The study analyzed 52 Japanese cities (65 options for change in consumption, transportation, housing, food, etc.) to explore ways to reduce the carbon footprint through lifestyle changes. The study claims to select the most effective strategies based on the local situation, and calls for the establishment of clear targets to promote consumption-oriented mitigation policies and stakeholder action to address the climate impacts of urban consumption. | Urban | Koide et al. | 2021 | [34] |
| Carbon footprints,climate mitigation,sustainable lifestyles,household consumption | This study introduces an approach for assessing lifestyle carbon footprint and lifestyle change options aimed at achieving the 1.5-degree goal through participatory stakeholder studies. The study states the gaps between current lifestyles carbon footprints and the 1.5-degree goal, and needs a solid 60% to 80% carbon footprints reduction to achieving the goal. | Urban | Koide et al. | 2021 | [35] |
| Sustainable consumption,lifestyles, climate change | This article reviews the political, economic, technological and societal structural factors identified in the literature as influencing the sustainability of consumption and lifestyles compatible with the 1.5-degree target. | - | Hirth et al. | 2023 | [36] |
| Climate change,social media,soft power public perceptions | This study focuses on social media and explores the role of social media as a soft power tool in influencing people’s awareness and participation in climate change. The study states there is a clear link between social media and changes in public perception, and public opinion has the potential to influence political decision-making. | ICT | Mavrodieva et al. | 2019 | [37] |
| Carbon footprint, household consumption, lifestyles | This study uses multiple regression analysis and exploratory factor analysis to explore the lifestyle factors of high-carbon households based on researching 47,000 Japanese households’ carbon footprints. The gaps between current footprints and mid- to long-term de-carbonization targets are examined in the study. | Gender, age | Koide et al. | 2019 | [38] |
| Household carbon footprint, lifestyle,regression analysis | This paper examines approximately 42,000 consumer expenditures, linked to regional input-output in Japan, to accurately estimate the magnitude of household carbon footprints reductions associated with individual lifestyle choices and socioeconomic factors. This study uses regression models to estimate household carbon footprints. | - | Shigetomi et al. | 2021 | [39] |
| Public | Urban household,carbon footprint,emission reduction | The study presents the carbon footprint of household consumption behavior in 11 major metropolitan cities in Japan, and finds household carbon footprint is linked to time-spent. | Urban | Huang et al. | 2023 | [40] |
| Climate change adaptation and mitigation,gender equality,policy | This study takes a gender perspective and discusses how gender equality and women’s rights perspectives can be incorporated into climate change policies at international and national levels and in different parts of the world. The study suggests the need for more effective gender and climate adaptation and mitigation strategies. | Gender, rural | Huyer et al. | 2020 | [16] |
| Gov | Behavior change, governance | The article reviews the ‘behavior’ change across several scales: behavioral economics, psychology, sociology and social practice, and political economy, and demonstrates how these approaches highlight different drivers of behavior change, which in turn leads them to create different policies to reach the 1.5-degree goal. | Urban and rural | Newell et al. | 2021 | [41] |
| Climate change policy, socioeconomic scenarios | The study introduces and examines six interventions and determines through three indicators (scenario assumptions; endogenous outcomes from the main REMIND–MAgPIE framework; results from downstream models.) that the last two are effective for inclusive implementation and contribute to progress towards the UN 2030 Agenda goals for climate (achieving the1.5-degree goal) and SDGs. | Urban and rural | Soergel et al. | 2021 | [42] |
| Behavior change,lifestyle transformation,mitigation pathways | The study reviews the system policies and mitigation strategies (common types of lifestyle changes) by using two models (integrated assessment and energy-system models) and finds that modal shift to public and active transport, shared mobility and eco-driving would have the greatest impact in the transport sector. In the household sector, measures to reduce demand for space and hot water and the circular economy were the most effective practices. | Urban | Andreou et al. | 2022 | [43] |
| Climate mitigation policies lifestyle, behavior | This article reviews 78 studies on social and political dimensions of large-scale greenhouse gas removal (GGR), and suggests 2 insight: Six dimensions of GGR’s viability (economics and incentives; innovation; societal engagement; governance; complexity and uncertainty; ethics, equity and justice.), and 3 frameworks to build biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and afforestation/reforestation (AR) and their feasibility. | ICT | Waller et al. | 2020 | [44] |
| Climate mitigation policy, achieving 1.5°C goal | The study believes the available evidence does not yet show that the world is seriously committed to achieving the 1.5-degree target, and the key to achieving this goal lies in improving political, technological and social systems. | ICT | Matthews & Wynes | 2022 | [45] |
| Emission reduction policy, SDGs,integrated assessment modeling | This study introduces a set of policies (direct sector-level regulation, early mitigation actions, and lifestyle changes) in the integrated energy-economic-land use model system REMIND-MAgPIE and examines the impact of these policies on non-climate sustainability issues when average warming is held to below 2 or 1.5-degree. | - | Bertram et al. | 2018 | [46] |
| Gov | Net-zero emission,climate change mitigation | This study based on decomposition analysis to examine the important contributions to changes in greenhouse gas emissions in different scenarios (SSP2 baseline, 1.5-degree renewable scenario and 1.5-degree lifestyle scenario). | - | Chen et al. | 2021 | [47] |
| Climate change mitigation,sectoral mitigation,energy scenarios | The study uses 6 assessment models to reveal the challenges of decarbonization in the energy system. The study finds that Japan’s emission reduction scenario comes with high marginal emission reduction costs. | Urban and rural,age | Sugiyama et al. | 2019 | [48] |
| Greenhouse gas emissions,household consumption,city-level estimation,decarbonization policy | The study provides a disaggregated estimate of indirect and direct urban greenhouse gas emissions from household consumption in 51 major Japanese cities in 2011. The study examines the relationship between household sector emissions and the socio-economic, demographic and climatic characteristics of Japanese cities using regression analysis. | Urban,age | Jiang et al. | 2020 | [49] |
| Other | Climate-resource nexus, material efficiency | This study introduces models to assess the potential impact of the linkages between climate change mitigation and material efficiency. The study claims the renewable energy with 0 emissions likely feasible, but the key is in economics (investment and technological development) and local circumstances. | - | Neumann & Hirschnitz-Garbers | 2022 | [50] |
| Lifestyle changes, buildings’ energy demand | This study introduces the Energy demand generator (EDGE) for global energy demand for buildings, and proposes 3 energy consumption profiles that can be adopted by individuals in rich areas. The paper shows that profound changes in energy practices will lead to significant reductions in energy demand, if a set of policies is described that will enable these changes to be put in place. | Urban | Levesque et al. | 2019 | [51] |
| Socioeconomic factors, 1.5-degree goal, computable general equilibrium model | This study uses the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model/Computable General Equilibrium (AIM/CGE) to assess the role of socioeconomic factors, in changing mitigation costs and achieving the 1.5-degree and 2-degree targets. The study finds technological progress of low-carbon energy supply technology is the most important factor to reduce emission reduction costs. | - | Liu et al. | 2018 | [52] |
| SDGs,climate change mitigation,integrated assessment model | The study presents the SDG impacts associated with carbon emission reduction. The study combines the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model modelling framework with other modelling tools for scenario quantification to assess the impacts of climate change mitigation and other social and environmental changes on the achievement of SDGs. | - | Fujimori et al. | 2020 | [53] |
| Climate change anxiety,pro-environmental behavior,mental health | The study is a multi-national study covering four countries, investigating climate change anxiety in four of the world’s top emitters: China, India, Japan, and the U.S. The study recruited 4000 participants to complete Climate Change Anxiety Scale surveys. | Age | Tam et al. | 2023 | [54] |