Table 5. Application of GWS-based geographical inquiry design principles to disaster risk assessment

Phase Key questions Lesson implementation Application of GWS-based inquiry design principles
Defining the inquiry and its importance What natural disasters occur most frequently in our region? Students reflect on past disasters, share experiences, and discuss why analyzing disaster risks is important. 1.1. Real-world problems1.2. Question-driven inquiry3.5. Spatial thinking and multi-scale reasoning
Identifying and evaluating GWS What data do I need? Where can I find it? Students explore pre-selected GWS platforms and evaluate dataset relevance for disaster risk assessment. 2.1. Educational suitability2.2. Accessibility and user-friendliness1.7. Scaffolding
Analyzing GWS and detecting patterns What patterns can be identified in the data? Students use spatial analysis tools to identify high-risk zones and examine geographical correlations. 2.3. Use of real-time and dynamic data2.4. Interactive data exploration2.5. Spatial analysis tools3.3. Inquiry process and skills
Drawing conclusions from GWS What disaster poses the greatest risk to our region? Students synthesize findings, compare datasets, and justify conclusions using evidence-based reasoning. 1.3. Evidence-based inquiry1.4. Data analysis and conclusion drawing3.2. Knowledge and understanding
Applying findings to real- world solutions How can this information be used for disaster preparedness? Students examine disaster management strategies and propose improvements based on their findings. 3.4. Values and attitudes1.5. Reflection1.6. Active student engagement and collaboration
GWS, Geospatial Web Services.